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| Two women playing Mancala in Harem 1700s |
Araştırmalara göre dünyanın en eski strateji
oyunlarindan biri Mangala. Mangala(Mancala) oyununu Sakalar, Hunlar ve Göktürkler döneminde
oynandığı görülmektedir. Bu oyunu temeli 1554 yılında İstanbul’da atılmıştır.
İstanbul’a gelen tüccarlar vasıtasıyla 96 yıl sonra Avrupa’ya yayılmıştır
(1650). Kültürlere göre Mangala oyununda değişiklikler görülmektedir. Bazı
mangala türlerinde taşlar “tohum” olarak betimlenmekte ve taşları hareket
ettirme “tohum saçma ” olarak söylenmektedir. Türk Mangala’sında taşlar “asker”
olarak görülmekte ve hazine olarak aktardığımız bölüme de Türkler “orda “ yani “karargah ” demektedirler.
Kuralları :
· Oyunda 12 oyuk kullanılır. Bunlara
ek olarak her oyuncu oyunda kazanacağı taşlarını koymak üzere bir kale çukuruna
sahiptir.
·
Bir adet taşı aldığı kuyuya
bırakıp saatin tersi yönünde, yani sağa doğru her bir kuyuya birer adet taş
bırakarak elindeki taşlar bitene kadar dağıtır. Elindeki son taş hazinesine
denk gelirse, oyuncu tekrar oynama hakkına sahip olur. Oyuncunun kuyusunda tek
taş varsa, sırası geldiğinde bu taşı sağındaki kuyuya taşıyabilir. Hamle sırası
rakibine geçer. Her seferinde oyuncunun elinde kalan son taş oyunun kaderini
belirler.![]() |
| Mangala board in Gaziantep 1500s |
Geçmişten günümüze taşınan eski oyunlardan biri olan mangala. Günümüz teknolojisine de uyum sağlamış bir oyundur. Oyun geliştiricileri bu oyunu telefonlarımıza kadar taşıyarak, bu eski geleneği sürdürmemize olanak sağlıyorlar.
https://itunes.apple.com/tr/app/mancala-fs5-free/id300868307?l=tr&mt=8
The player who has the right to start the game after the lot picks up 4 pieces from any pit in his own area. After leaving one piece into the pit where he started to collect the pieces, the player distributes the pieces in his hand one by one in the counter clock wise direction until all the pieces in his hand are distributed. If the final piece comes to his treasury, then the player has the right to play again. If the player has only one piece in his pit, he can move this piece to the pit on its right when it is his turn. Then it is the opponent's turn to move his pieces. Each time, the final piece in the player's hand determines the fate of the game
MANGALA OR MANCALA
· While each player, when it's their own turn to play, distributes the pieces taken from his pit, if there are still pieces in the player's hand, he continues to put pieces into the pits in the opponent's area. If the final piece in the player's hand comes to a pit in the opponent's area and makes the number of pieces in that pit even (such as 2, 4, 6, 8), the player gains all the pieces in that pit and put those pieces into his own treasury. Then it is the opponent's turn to move his pieces.
· When the player is distributing the pieces, if the final piece in his hand comes to an empty pit in his own area and if there are pieces in the opposite pit that belong to the opponent, the player not only gains the pieces in the opponent's pit, but he also gains the piece that he left into his own empty pit and put them into his treasury. Then it is the opponent's turn to move his pieces.
· The game set is over when there is no piece left in one of the players' areas. The player who empties all the pits in his own area first also gains the pieces in the pits of the opponent player. For that reason, the dynamism of the game never gets low until the very end of the game.
One of the oldest strategy game is
Mangala. Historical researches show that Mangala Game was being played in the
period of Sakas, Huns and Gokturks. This game is the foundation was laid in
1554 in Istanbul. Spread to Europe by traders who came to Istanbul after 96
years (1650).
Mancala-type games are played in different countries
of the world; however there are certain characteristics of Mangala that are
different from other mancala games. In other mancala games, pieces are
generally called as "seeds" and moving the seeds is called as
"sowing seeds". This shows that those cultures were agricultural
societies. However, in Turkish Mangala, pieces are seen as
"soldiers". Moreover, for the division that we call as "treasury"
today, Turks used the word "orda" which means
"headquarter"; and this shows that our game was not a farm game but a
war game.
Rulles :
· The game board consists of 12 small pits arranged in
two parallel rows with 6 pits in each row and each player has one big treasury
where he is going to collect his pieces. Mangala Game is played with 48 pieces.
https://itunes.apple.com/tr/app/mancala-fs5-free/id300868307?l=tr&mt=8



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